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DAIRY TECHNOLOGY

 

Cheese Technology

 

Compiled By: - Mr. Girish Rajpurohit

 

Q. Mozzarella cheese was originated in?

A. Italy

Q. What are the objectives of salting of cheese?

A. 1. To check the undesirable fermentation and retard formation of lactic acid.

     2. Hardening and shrinking of curd.

     3. For further removal of whey.

Q. Rhizomucor meiheii is a source of?

A. Milk coagulating enzyme for cheese milk.

Q. Which part of k-casein amino acid chain is GMP(glycomacro-peptide)?

A. 106-169

Q. At what pH mozzarella cheese is stretched?

A. 5.2

Q. The isoelectric point of rennin is_____?

A. 4.5

Q.  ______ is an alternative to nitrate addition in low acid cheeses.

A. Bactofugation.

Q. Horrall and Elliker test is associated with?

A. Cheese starter.

Q. In cheddar cheese making casein/fat ratio should be?

A. 0.68-0.70.

Q. For Cheddar cheese making, the standard fat content in milk containing 3.15% casein should be ______%?

A. 4.5

 Q. For Cheddar cheese making, the standard fat content in milk containing 2.24% casein should be ______%?

A. 3.2

Q. ______ cheese belong to ‘pasta filata’ family and involves the principle of stretching?

A. Mozzarella

Q. Scalding is associated with which cheese, give one example?

A. Gouda.

Q. _______ micro-organism is responsible for colour formation in limburger cheese?

A. Brevibacterium linens

Q. Which salt is responsible for coagulation of casein into para k casein by rennet?

A. Ca salt.

Q. Clostridium tyrobutyricum is responsible for _____ defect in cheese/

A. Late blowing defect.

Q. Name one microorganism which can be used in Gouda cheese/

A. Leuconostoc cremoris.

Q. Gouda cheese was originated in?

A.  Holland.

Q. What are the ripening conditions for cheddar cheese/

A. 7-90C / 85%RH.

Q. The milk which is preffered for mozzarella cheese preparation is?

A. Buffalo milk.

Q. What, if added will facilitate the conversion of prorennin to rennin?

A. Addition of acid.

Q. Which preservative is used in Gouda cheese preparation?

A. Sodium Nitrate.

Q. Give an example of soft ripened variety of cheese?

A. Neufchatel.

Q. Meito (commercial rennet) is added in cheese milk @ _____ which gives a firm, smooth coagulum in about 25minutes?

A. 1.5g/100L milk

 Q. In cheddar cheese cooking is conducted by increasing temperature slowly with stirring @10C in every 5 minutes for the first 15minutes till temperature is reached to _______ 0C?

A. 390C.

Q. _________ organism is responsible for eye formation in swiss cheese?

A. Propionibacterium shermani.

Q. Nisin commonly used as an anti-microbial agent in cheese is produced by ____?

A. Lactococcus lactis.

Q. Cheddar cheese was originated in which country?

A. UK.

Q. Process used to concentrate total proteins present in milk?

A.  Ultrafiltration.

Q. Which process can fractionate the casein and whey protein present in milk?

A. Microfiltration.

Q. Moisture content of Mozzarella cheese is approximately?

A. 60%.

Q. Low moisture content of Mozzarella cheese is approximately?

A. 47%

Q. Preservative used for prevention of late blowing defect?

A. Sodium Nitrate.

Q. Cheese which is an example of semi hard cheese ripened by blue mold?

A. Camembert, Gorgonzola, Roquefort etc.

Q.  How does the pH of milk is related to solubility of minerals present in it?

A.  A decrease in pH increases solubility of minerals.

Q. At what temperature acid is added while making direct acidified mozzarella cheese?

A. Low temperature (4-80C).

Q. What %acidity indicates that cheddaring is complete?

A. 0.45%-0.50%.

Q. What is the use of cheese vat?

A. For holding milk and curd.

Q. What is the use of cheese rake?

A. For mixing.

Q. What is the use of draining pail?

A. For whey outlet.

Q. What is the use of cheese scoop?

A. For filling.

Q. What is the use of cheese trier?

A. For drawing cheese samples.

Q. What are the 4 parts of cheese hoop/

A. Base, follower, lid and pin.

Q. Scalding is conducted by adding water at temperature of?

A. 600C.

Q.  Compare cheese making properties of cheese made from milk and after UF (retentate)?

A. Cheese made from UF retentate is often characterized by a long time required to reach the desired pH and an acidic taste which is related to the higher buffering capacity of a UF retentate. RCT decreases and firmness increases when cheese milk is partially supplemented with UF retentate.

Q. …………… is the company which shares the maximum market of cheese in India?

A. Amul

Q. ……………. is the form of cheese widely used in India/

A. Cheese spread and slices.

Q. Anhydrous salt content in hard cheese should not exceed ……. by weight?

A. 0.02%.

Q. In hard varieties of cheese, moisture percentage is?

A. Less than 35.

Q. Biological value of cheese protein is ……………. as compared to total milk protein?

A. Slightly less.

Q. Bioactive peptides are released due to the following biochemical phenomenon during cheese

Ripening?

A. Proteolysis.

Q. Cheese is NOT a rich source of?

A. Carbohydrates, vit.C.

Q. Fat content of uncreamed cottage cheese is about?

A. 0.3%.

Q. Why acidification is done/

A. Acidification is done mainly for better action of rennet on milk.

Q. Increase in fat content of milk results in?

A. Both Reduced syneresis and Longer time to achieve desired

moisture content in cheese.

Q. Refrigeration of milk before cheesemaking leads to growth of psychrotrophic

bacteria which in turn produce …………..?

A. Thermostable lipolytic and proteolytic enzymes.

Q. Bactofugation prevents late blowing mainly due to?

A. Removal of anaerobic sporeformers.

Q. Casein-enriched milk prepared by MF results in?

A. improved rennet coagulation properties and reduced loss of fat and fines in the whey.

 

Q. Standardization of casein/fat ratio in milk is usually achieved by addition of?

A. Milk protein concentrates.

Q. Whey proteins are retained in cheese curd when milk heated to high temperature

is used for cheesemaking. This is due to?

A. Interaction of whey proteins with κ-casein.

Q. Due to high heat treatment of milk, rennet coagulation time/

A. Increases.

Q. Homogenisation of milk increases the rennet coagulation time of milk due to?

A. Decrease in κ-casein surface density.

Q. Two types of starter cultures used in cheesemaking are?

A. Mesophilic and thermophilic.

Q. Substrate for flavor producing microorganisms is?

A.  Citrate.

Q. Addition of …… increases the survival rate and activity of frozen starter?

A. Sodium meta-glycophosphates.

Q. The active enzyme in rennet is called?

A. Chymosin.

Q. Rennet is specifically used for cheese making because of its property of?

A. High coagulating to proteolysis ratio.

Q. Papain, a rennet substitute, from plant requires a free ………………..for its catalytic activity?

 

A. Sulfhydryl group.

 

Q. Recombinant rennet are prepared by?

 

A. Gene transfer technology.

 

Q. Enzymatic hydrolysis of casein causes formation of?

 

A. Para-κ-casein and glycomacropeptide.

 

Q. The enzyme rennet acts specifically at?

 

A. Phenyl alanine - Methionine bond.

 

Q. The amino acid chain forming the κ-casein molecule consists of?

 

A. 169 amino acids.

 

Q. Cheddaring is a process of piling and re-piling the cheese curd in every (min.)?

 

A.15minutes.

 

Q. Gouda cheese belongs to -------------variety of cheese?

 

A. Semi-hard to hard.

 

Q. For manufacturing Gouda cheese, ………… milk is most suitable.?

 

A.Cow milk.

 

Q. Emmental cheese originated in?

 

A. Switzerland.

 

Q. Swiss cheese comes under……….type of cheese?

 

A. Hard.

 

Q. Swiss cheese is known by the?

 

A. Presence of shining eyes.

 

Q. Eye formation in Swiss cheese is due to?

 

A. Propionic acid fermentation.

 

Q. The principal compound that is responsible for the stretching quality of Mozzarella cheese is?

 

A. Monocalcium p-caseinate.

 

Q. In Mozzarella cheese, curd generally does not stretch above/

 

A. pH 5.6.

 

Q. Cottage cheese is a ………type of cheese?

 

A. Soft and unripened.

 

Q. …………….. type of milk is preferred for Cottage cheese making?

 

A. Skim milk.

 

Q. What is the characteristic of acid type curd for Cottage cheese making/

 

A. Smaller granules.

 

Q. Fat content in mixture of creamed Cottage cheese, should be not less than?

 

A. 4.0%.

 

Q. The first major biochemical process that takes place during cheese ripening is?

 

A. Glycolysis.

 

Q. Casein has greater contribution in increasing cheese yield because it?

 

A. Occludes fat and moisture and reduces syneresis.

 

Q. Holding milk at low temperature prior to cheese making reduces yield because it causes?

 

A. Solubilization of casein.

 

Q. Increased serum casein level due to holding of milk at low temperature for long can be reversed by?

A. Pasteurization of cheese milk.

 

Q. Addition of CaCl2 in cheese milk increases yield due to?

 

A. Strengthening of curd and reduced loss of fat and casein in whey.

 

Q. The buffering capacity of buffalo milk is high due to its/

 

A. Higher calcium and casein content.

 

Q. Ripening temperature when buffalo milk is used for cheesemaking is…………..as compared to temperature in making cheese from cow milk/

 

A. Lower.

 

Q. The % milk solids in processed cheese foods should not be less than?

 

A. 51.

 

Q. General formulation of processed cheese manufacturing is/

 

A. 70-75% mild cheese and 25-30% mature cheese.

 

Q. Quantity of all the ingredients in processed cheese is calculated on the basis of?

 

A. Fat & dry matter content.

 

Q. The degree of humidity varies according to the type of cheese as?

 

A. Soft cheese > open textured hard cheese > close textured

hard cheese.

 

Q. Dicaetyl and acetoin are the compounds formed by?

 

A. Citric acid fermentation.

 

Q. Use of elevated temperatures for accelerated ripening of cheese may cause?

 

A. Too soft texture due to accelerated proteolysis.

 

Q. …………… is one of the sources of exogenous lipase used for accelerated ripening of

Cheese?

 

A. Aspergillus oryzae.

 

Q. The design of the double-O-vat is based on?

 

A. Double Circle Principle.

 

References :

1.      ICAR E-course

2.      NDRI class notes

3.      FSSAI manual

4.      Previous year asked questions

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


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