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DAIRY ENGINEERING

 

Material Strength & Dairy Machine Design

Compiled By: - Mr. Mukul Verma

 

Q  Hooke’s law holds good upto

Elastic limit

 

Q  The ratio of linear stress to linear strain is called

Modulus of elasticity

 

Q  The modulus of elasticity for mild steel is approximately equal to

210kN/mm2

 

Q  When the material is loaded within elastic limit, then the stress is ......... to strain.

Directly proportional

 

Q  When a hole of diameter ‘d' is punched in a metal of thickness `t', then the force required to punch a hole is equal to

πd.tu

 

Q  The ratio of the ultimate stress to the design stress is known as

Factor of safety

 

Q  The factor of safety for steel and for steady load is

4

 

Q  An aluminium member is designed based on

Yield stress

 

Q  In a body, a thermal stress is one which arises because of the existence of

Temperature gradient

 

Q  A localised compressive stress at the area of contact between two members is known as

Bearing stress

 

Q  The Poisson’s ratio for steel varies from

0.25 to 0.33

 

Q  The stress in the bar when load is applied suddenly is ............. as compared to the stress induced dueto gradually applied load.

Double

 

Q  The energy stored in a body when strained within elastic limit is known as

Strain energy

 

Q  The maximum energy that can be stored in a body due to external loading upto the elastic limit is called

Proof resilience

 

Q  The strain energy stored in a body, when suddenly loaded, is ...........the strain energy stored when same load is applied gradually.

4 times

 

When a machine member is subjected to torsion, the torsional shear stress set up in the member is

Maximum at both the centroidal axis and outer surface of the member

 

Q  The torsional shear stress on any cross-section normal to the axis is ......... the distance from the centre of the axis.

Directly proportional to

 

The neutral axis of a beam is subjected to

Zero stress

 

At the neutral axis of a beam,

The layers do not undergo any strain

 

Q  If d = diameter of solid shaft and τ = permissible stress in shear for the shaft material, then torsional strength of shaft is written as

π/16 d3τ

 

Q  Two shafts under pure torsion are of identical length and identical weight and are made of same material. The shaft A is solid and the shaft B is hollow. We can say that

Shaft B is better than shaft A

 

Rankine’s theory is used for

Brittle materials

 

Guest’s theory is used for

Ductile materials

 

At the neutral axis of a beam, the shear stress is

Maximum

 

Q  The maximum shear stress developed in a beam of rectangular section is ........the average shear stress.

1.5 times

 

The material suitable for the belts used in agricultural equipments is

Rubber

 

The power transmitted by means of a belt depends upon

Velocity of the belt,  tension under which the belt is placed on the pulleys, arc of contact between the belt and the smaller pulley

 

When the speed of belt increases,

The power transmitted will increase

 

In a crossed belt drive, the shafts are arranged parallel and rotate in the ...........directions.

Opposite

 

The tension in the slack side of the belt is ............ the tension in the tight side of the belt.

Less than

 

Q  In a flat belt drive, the belt can be subjected to a maximum tension (T) and centrifugal tension (TC). The condition for transmission of maximum power is given by

T = 3 TC

 

When a belt drive is transmitting maximum power,

Driving tension in tight side is twice the centrifugal tension

 

All stresses produced in a belt are

Tensile stresses

 

The centrifugal tension in the belt

Has no effect on the power transmitted

 

Which one of the following is a positive drive?

Chain drive

 

The chain drive transmits ............ power as compared to belt drive.

More

 

Q  In order to have smooth operation, the minimum number of teeth on the smaller sprocket, for moderate speeds, should be

21

 

The speed of the sprocket reduces as the chain pitch .......... for a given number of teeth.

Increases

 

The spring mostly used in gramophones is

Flat spiral spring

 

Which of the following spring is used in a mechanical wrist watch?

Torsion spring

 

Q  When a helical compression spring is subjected to an axial compressive load, the stress  induced in the wire is

Shear stress

 

When helical compression spring is cut into halves, the stiffness of the resulting spring will be

Double

 

Q  When two concentric coil springs made of the same material, having same length and    compressed equally by an axial load, the load shared by the two springs will be ............ to the square of the diameters of the wires of the two springs.

Directly proportional

 

A leaf spring in automobiles is used

To absorb shocks

 

In leaf springs, the longest leaf is known as

Master leaf

 

In a full journal bearing, the angle of contact of the bearing with the journal is

360°

 

Q  A sliding bearing which can support steady loads without any relative motion between the journal and the bearing is called

Hydrostatic lubricated bearing

 

Teflon is used for bearings because of

Low coefficient of friction

 

In thrust bearings, the load acts

Along the axis of rotation

 

The ball bearings are usually made from

Chrome nickel steel

 

A bearing is designated by the number 405. It means that a bearing is of

Heavy series with bore of 25 mm

 

The rolling contact bearings are known as

Antifriction bearings

 

Which material has the maximum ductility?

Mild steel

 

Steel containing upto 0.15% carbon is known as

Dead mild steel

 

The material commonly used for machine tool bodies is

Cast Iron

 

Q  The material commonly used for crane hooks is

Wrought Iron

 

Shock resistance of steel is increased by adding

Nickel and chromium

 

The steel widely used for motor car crankshafts is

Chrome steel

 

A steel with 0.8 per cent carbon is known as

Eutectoid steel

 

Ball bearing are usually made from

Medium carbon steel

 

The process which improves the machinability of steels, but lower the hardness and tensile strength is

Spheroidising

 

The metal suitable for bearings subjected to heavy loads is

White metal

 

The metal suitable for bearings subjected to light loads is

Phosphor bronze

 

 

References:-

1.R.S. KHURMI & J.K. GUPTA

2. NDRI class notes

 

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